Landslide Investigations

 

 

Critical to landslide investigations is the determination of the depth and thickness of slide shear zones: the magnitude, rate, and direction of landslide movement. Inclinometer casing is installed in vertical boreholes. Usually, one to four borings, depending on the landslide size, are made along the central axis of the landslide to develop a model of the landslide for stability analyses.


                                       

Woosens inclinometer sensor serves IoT-based geotechnical monitoring system in Longgang of Shenzhen. 
 

Inclinometers are the most commonly used instrument type when attempting to measure small levels of ground creep or shear zone movement, particularly between 0.1-0.5in. (3- 13mm). Traversing-type inclinometer probes are usually used to determine the depth of landslide shear displacement. IPI probes can be used where the depth of the shear zone is already known and the goal of instrumentation is to determine the rate of movement. This method is typically combined with automated data acquisition. To improve the capability of identifying shear zone movements when the depth of the shear zone is not accurately known, a string of fixed IPI sensors can be installed. 

 

 

Monitoring Slope Stability

 

Slopes in cuts or fill embankments can be monitored for stability during and after construction. In such cases, inclinometer casing is installed in vertical boreholes, following similar guidelines as for landslide investigations. Instrument locations are based on slope conditions and the importance of nearby facilities. Monitoring is made to verify performance and to identify whether unstable conditions are developing.

 

 

Monitoring Retaining Structures Performance

 

 

Instrumentation is used when the performance of retaining structures, such as sheet pile walls, soil nail walls, soldier pile walls, or mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) systems, could be adversely affected by lateral pressures or ground movements. Deformations of retaining structures could occur during and after construction. The inclinometer system can measure tilt and differential deformation behind or within the wall face, and bending moments can be determined. The casing can be installed vertically in boreholes adjacent to the wall face or can be embedded within or attached to structural elements. Traversing-type inclinometer probes are usually used to determine the relative shape of the retaining structure and changes to the structure over time.



 

 

Monitoring Excavations Near Facilities

 

The impact of excavations, whether sloped or shored, can be monitored to determine if significant lateral deformations are occurring that could potentially affect the performance of nearby structures, utilities, and other critical facilities. Inclinometer casing is installed in vertical boreholes located between the excavation boundary and the nearby facilities. The inclinometer casing can also be installed in the excavation support system. This is typically accomplished by grouting the inclinometer casing into larger-diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or thin-walled steel casing that is installed as part of the support system construction. Similar to the application for retaining structures, traversing-type inclinometer probes are usually used to determine the relative shape of the shored ground and changes over time. 

 

 

Monitoring Pile andD Drilled Pier Performance

 

Inclinometers can be used to measure the deformation of deep foundations subjected to large lateral loads. The inclinometer casing can be embedded within or attached to structural elements. The casing is typically embedded by either grouting it into a larger-diameter PVC or thin-walled steel casing that is installed as part of the foundation element, or by coring a hole after installation and grouting the casing into the foundation element. It may also be desirable to extend the inclinometer casing below the tip of the foundation element to achieve a stable reference datum. This is usually accomplished by drilling a hole through the foundation element after it has been installed. 

 

 

Monitoring Settlement of Embankments

 

Horizontally installed inclinometer casing can be used to measure differential settlement along a cross section of an embankment width. In addition, this type of instrumentation avoids interference with embankment fill placement and compaction as commonly occurs with traditional settlement plates that rely on vertical riser pipes for measurement. Traversing inclinometer probes are used for this application. 

 

 

Monitoring Dformation of Pavement Base

 

 

Horizontal inclinometers can be installed inside or at the interfaces of the base–subbase and subgrade materials to monitor the vertical deformations underneath the pavements. Inclinometers can detect small movements earlier than normal pavement surface data-collection equipment. Inclinometer casing and cable return pipe are installed within a narrow trench. Traversing inclinometer probes are used for this application. 

 

Monitoring Performance During Tunneling 

 

 

Inclinometers can be used to monitor stress relief ground movements and possible displacement of rock blocks during the construction of tunnels and shafts. Inclinometers are used to verify the adequacy of ground supports, detect potential flaws in the construction approach, and serve as a warning system for potential ground failure. 

 

 

Woosens Inclinometer Sensor Products

 

 

Shenzhen Woosens Technology developing, manufacture full lines of inclinometer and sensors including: 

WTU series ultra accuracy inclinometer sensor, 

WTS series digital output inclinometer sensor, 

WTS series digital output inclinometer sensor PCBA, 

WTS series analog voltage output, 

WTS series analog voltage inclinometer sensor PCBA, 

WTS series analog current inclinometer sensor, 

WTS analog voltage mini version, 

WTA series standard accuracy inclinometer sensor, 

WTA standard current output 3-wire linear current output inclinometer sensor, 

WTAL serial output inclinometer sensor PCBA, 

WTL series low-cost voltage output inclinometer sensor, 

WTL low-cost current output inclinometer sensor.

 

Woosens inclinometer and sensors are robust to IP67 waterproof. Besides above geotechnical applications, these inclinometer and sensors are also optimum choice for platform leveling and stabilization, leveling instruments, road and pavement grading, tilting train control, construction machines and solar panel control systems, etc.